National Parks in India Panna Wildlife Park Fact File

General Information
Area Core Buffer Longitude Latitude Altitude Rainfall Temperature Seasons Summer Rainy Season Winter	542.67 sq. km. 542.67 sq. km. Nil 79º45' E to 80º09' E 24º27' N to 22º46' N 330 m to 540 m above M.S.L. 1100 mm average. Min - 5ºC - Max 45ºC March - mid - June mid - June - mid - September Mid - November - February

Census
Species	1994	1995	1996	1997	1998
Tiger Leopard Nilgai Chinkara Chausinga Chital Sambar Rhesus macaque Langur Wild Boar	23 13 985 650 106 467 544 ---- ---- ----	22-27 25-27 1314 400 101 410 892 ---- ---- ----	23-28 28-30 1507 661 139 522 962 ---- ---- ----	22-24 31 1925 831 144 842 892 ---- ---- ----	21 32 1961 751 147 669 1084 418 3408 70

Tourism
Tourists visiting Panna can be classified in two groups : one, who visit the Reserve for wildlife watching as in most of the other protected area. For these visitors, the Reserve is open for eight monts of the year from November to June. Such visitors enter the Reserve either from Madla or from Hinouta entrance. The second category consists of those who visit exclusively the famous Pandav Fall, situated close to the Panna-Chhatarpur main road, at a distance of 20 km. form the town of Panna. As this spot is accessible even during the rains and is connected by a 600 m long black top road, there are many tourists even during monsoons.

The Reserve is situated very close (25 km.) from the famous temple town, Khajuraho (a World Heritage Site), which is half an hour drive from Madla entry point. Hinouta, the second gate of the Reserve is 20 km. from Panna town.

Number of Visitors

Year	Panna Tiger Reserve			Pandav Fall only
	Indian	Foreign	Total	Indian	Foreign	Total
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98	942 897 1237 1108	329 637 545 558	1271 1534 1782 1666	30188 31398 23898 21074	1215 1442 974 618	31403 32840 24872 21692

Infrastructure and Facilities
»There is a ban on diesel vehicles for tourists.
»The park does not have any transport facility for the visitors.
»Accommodation can be made available to them in the Reserve. The Inspection huts at Madla and Hinouta (two suites each) are allotted on first-come-first-serve basis and on the condition of availability.
»There are guides available at the entry points.

Highways
The Jhansi-Chhatarpur-Panna-Rewa State Highway No. 6 has reportedly been upgraded as a National Highway. About 10 km. long stretch of this road passes through the Reserve of makes the Reserve boundary (Madla Range). This entire 10 km. stretch is dense teak and bamboo forest and is hilly. There is a threat of forest degradation and increased chances of accidents involving wild animals, if works like widening of road, diversions etc. are taken up in the future. About a thousand vehicles ply on this road everyday. Wild animals like Hyena, Wild boar, Nilgai, Sambar etc. sometimes do get killed in roar accidents here.
Kishangarh-Palkoha-Bhusor-Bamitha road passes through Chandranagar range. A few buses and other vechicles ply between Bamitha and Palkoha every day.

Diseases
Common diseases of domestic animals in the area are Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS), Black Quarter (BQ), Anthrax, Rabies or Hydrophobia which are communicable to wild animals.

Other
Mining
Mining for diamonds is done in Kimberlite pipe at Majhagawan by the National Mineral Development Corporation (NMDC) just outside the boundary of the Reserve, off Hinouta range. It was started before the formation of the Reserve in late 1960s. Diamond mining activity creates the following problems:
(a) release of industrial waste in streams which drain in the Ken river;
(b) Dumping of unusable debris in the form of huge mounds just in front of the Hinouta gate of the Reserve;
(c) Noise due to blasts and heavy machinery; and,
(d) Regular biotic pressure on Reserve for fire wood and fodder from about 1,000 workers of NMDC.

Mining for both diamond and sandstone is rampant in the areas around the Reserve. Repeated efforts by the management to curb mining activities, especially in regular forest area, by approaching licensing authorities have been unsuccessful.

Buffer
The Reserve does not have a buffer. It touches three territorial forest divisions. Commercial forestry activities are on in these divisions right up to the Reserve boundaries. Land use in the peripheral areas is not consistent with the conservation objectives of the Reserve.

The small size of the Reserve, lack of corridors linking it with other Protected Areas, discontinuity from large and extended forested patches beyond the Vindhyan ranges and a small population of tigers are some of the serious limitations to the long term viability of the tiger population here.

Cultivation
The Gangau dam constructed in 1911-1915 falls inside the Reserve. Every year, pattas are given out by revenue authorities to the local villagers for cultivation of the fertile land below FTL once the water recedes. This disturbs the wildlife in the area for nine months every year.

Natural Limiting Factor
The overall development of the Reserve suffers as ecological considerations were not taken into account while deciding the boundary ot the Reserve. The Reserve is open from all sides and villages with high human and cattle populations are situated right on its periphery.

Poor soil conditions, shallow soil depth, low water holding capacity of the soil due to highly layered and fractured sub-strata of the Vindhayan formations, very little or no winter rains and short monsoon period are some of the other limiting factors.

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